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Job
Description & Job Specification
Job Descriptions are formalized documents containing
concise and factual information that characterizes the identity
of the job, its scope of authority and accountability, and its work
content. The latter may be stated either in terms of specific tasks
to be performed or in terms of duties for which an incumbent will
be responsible. Further refinements are included that provide information
concerning the job’s interactions with other jobs and a measure
of the frequency or the scope of the work to be performed.
Information
may be included in a job description to identify the requirements
that must be met by an individual in order for him or her to be
able to discharge the work described. Such requirements are referred
to as job specifications. They are partly attributable
to the work conditions (for example, schedules, travel requirement,
exposures to hazards) and partly to the prospective incumbent (for
example, skills, abilities, accreditations).
Job
descriptions may be written by the job’s incumbent, by the direct
supervisor of that job, or by a specialist such as a job analyst.
Whichever method is used, descriptions must be reviewed for validity
and for agreement by all concerned that they do indeed reflect the
predominant and real job content and its role in the operating framework.
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