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Job Description & Job   Specification

Job Descriptions
are formalized documents containing concise and factual information that characterizes the identity of the job, its scope of authority and accountability, and its work content. The latter may be stated either in terms of specific tasks to be performed or in terms of duties for which an incumbent will be responsible. Further refinements are included that provide information concerning the job’s interactions with other jobs and a measure of the frequency or the scope of the work to be performed.

Information may be included in a job description to identify the requirements that must be met by an individual in order for him or her to be able to discharge the work described. Such requirements are referred to as job specifications. They are partly attributable to the work conditions (for example, schedules, travel requirement, exposures to hazards) and partly to the prospective incumbent (for example, skills, abilities, accreditations).

Job descriptions may be written by the job’s incumbent, by the direct supervisor of that job, or by a specialist such as a job analyst. Whichever method is used, descriptions must be reviewed for validity and for agreement by all concerned that they do indeed reflect the predominant and real job content and its role in the operating framework.

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